If Raphael, Most Attitude leaves the battlefield, and later another Raphael, Most Attitude enters the battlefield, it is a new object (even if the two were represented by the same card). You can't play cards exiled by the original Raphael, Most Attitude with the permission granted by the last ability of the new Raphael, Most Attitude.

To play a card using the permission granted by Raphael's last ability, you must still follow any timing restrictions and permissions, including those based on the card's type. For instance, you can play a land from exile this way only during your main phase while the stack is empty and only if you have an available land play remaining for the turn.